C Programming Syntax Guide

1. Basic Structure of a C Program

#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); return 0; }

2. Data Types and Variables

int age = 25; float price = 19.99; char grade = 'A';

3. Input and Output

printf("Enter your name: "); scanf("%s", name);

4. Control Structures

if (condition) { // code to execute if the condition is true } else { // code to execute if the condition is false }

5. Loops

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // code to repeat 5 times }

6. Functions

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

7. Arrays

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

8. Pointers

int *ptr; ptr = &age;

9. Structures

struct Person { char name[50]; int age; };

10. File Handling

FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "r"); if (file != NULL) { // code to read or write to the file fclose(file); }

11. Dynamic Memory Allocation

int *dynamicArray = (int *)malloc(5 * sizeof(int)); free(dynamicArray);

12. Preprocessor Directives

#define MAX_SIZE 100

13. Bitwise Operators

result = a & b; result = a | b; result = ~a;

14. Function Pointers

int (*operation)(int, int) = &add; int result = operation(5, 3);